Mathematicians of this "school" met for long hours at the Scottish Café, where the problems they discussed were collected in the Scottish Book, a thick notebook provided by Banach's wife. Its founders were Hugo Steinhaus and Stefan Banach, who were professors at the Jan Kazimierz University. Īlong with Stanisław Mazur, Mark Kac, Włodzimierz Stożek, Kuratowski, and others, Ulam was a member of the Lwów School of Mathematics. From 1931 until 1935, he traveled to and studied in Wilno (Vilnius), Vienna, Zurich, Paris, and Cambridge, England, where he met G. At the age of 20, in 1929, he published his first paper Concerning Function of Sets in the journal Fundamenta Mathematicae. Under the supervision of Kazimierz Kuratowski, he received his Master of Arts degree in 1932, and became a Doctor of Science in 1933. He then studied mathematics at the Lwów Polytechnic Institute. The Scottish Café's building now houses the Universal Bank in Lviv, Ukraine. After they returned, Lwów became the epicenter of the Polish–Ukrainian War, during which the city experienced a Ukrainian siege. From 1916 until 1918, Józef's family lived temporarily in Vienna. His uncle, Michał Ulam, was an architect, building contractor, and lumber industrialist. His father, Józef Ulam, was born in Lwów and was a lawyer, and his mother, Anna (née Auerbach), was born in Stryj. Ulam's immediate family was "well-to-do but hardly rich". The Ulams were a wealthy Polish Jewish family of bankers, industrialists, and other professionals. In 1918, it became part of the newly restored Poland, the Second Polish Republic, and the city took its Polish name again, Lwów. At this time, Galicia was in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was known to Poles as the Austrian partition. Ulam was born in Lemberg, Galicia, on 13 April 1909. 3.2 Statistics of branching and multiplicative processes.3.1 Hydrodynamical calculations of implosion.He is probably best known for realising that electronic computers made it practical to apply statistical methods to functions without known solutions, and as computers have developed, the Monte Carlo method has become a common and standard approach to many problems. With Fermi, John Pasta, and Mary Tsingou, Ulam studied the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou problem, which became the inspiration for the field of non-linear science. Ulam considered the problem of nuclear propulsion of rockets, which was pursued by Project Rover, and proposed, as an alternative to Rover's nuclear thermal rocket, to harness small nuclear explosions for propulsion, which became Project Orion. In January 1951, Ulam and Teller came up with the Teller–Ulam design, which is the basis for all thermonuclear weapons. With the aid of a cadre of female " computers", including his wife Françoise Aron Ulam, he found that Teller's "Super" design was unworkable. After the war he left to become an associate professor at the University of Southern California, but returned to Los Alamos in 1946 to work on thermonuclear weapons. He was assigned to Edward Teller's group, where he worked on Teller's "Super" bomb for Teller and Enrico Fermi. There, he worked on the hydrodynamic calculations to predict the behavior of the explosive lenses that were needed by an implosion-type weapon. In October 1943, he received an invitation from Hans Bethe to join the Manhattan Project at the secret Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico.
He became an assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1940, and a United States citizen in 1941. On 20 August 1939, he sailed for the United States for the last time with his 17-year-old brother Adam Ulam.
From 1936 to 1939, he spent summers in Poland and academic years at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he worked to establish important results regarding ergodic theory. In 1935, John von Neumann, whom Ulam had met in Warsaw, invited him to come to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, for a few months. In pure and applied mathematics, he proved some theorems and proposed several conjectures.īorn into a wealthy Polish Jewish family, Ulam studied mathematics at the Lwów Polytechnic Institute, where he earned his PhD in 1933 under the supervision of Kazimierz Kuratowski and Włodzimierz Stożek. He participated in the Manhattan Project, originated the Teller–Ulam design of thermonuclear weapons, discovered the concept of the cellular automaton, invented the Monte Carlo method of computation, and suggested nuclear pulse propulsion. Stanisław Marcin Ulam ( 13 April 1909 – ) was a Polish-American scientist in the fields of mathematics and nuclear physics. Mathematical formulations in the fields of Physics, Computer Science, and Biology Lwów Polytechnic Institute, Second Polish Republic Poland, United States (naturalized in 1941)
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